Permutation descents, Eulerian numbers, and the cd-index
A Rocq / MathComp formalization of Stanley EC1 §1.4 + §1.6

6.1 Cycle representation of permutations

Definition 6.1 Cycle count
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For a permutation \(\sigma \in \mathfrak {S}_{n}\), the cycle count \(c(\sigma )\) is the number of cycles in the disjoint-cycle decomposition of \(\sigma \). In MathComp this is the cardinality of \(\mathrm{porbits}(\sigma )\), the set of orbits of \(\sigma \) acting on \(\{ 0, \dots , n-1\} \) by iteration.

Lemma 6.2 \(c(\sigma ) \leq n\)

Every cycle is non-empty, so the cycle count is bounded by \(n\).

Lemma 6.3 Identity has \(n\) cycles

Each fixed point is a 1-cycle, so \(c(\mathrm{id}) = n\).